M. M. BAKHTIN AS THE FOUNDER OF THE ETHICS OF RESPONSIBILITY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the work of M. M. Bakhtin as the founder of the ethics of responsibility - a special type of moral theory, different from the ethics of duty and the ethics of good. In methodological terms, the ethics of M. M. Bakhtin is individualistic, communicative and discursive, presupposing a dialogue with the Other. The theoretical features of his ethics consist in considering responsibility as a key phenomenon of morality and founding the category of responsibility in the center of theory of morality; in the interpretation of responsibility as an ontological characteristic of the subject; in the creation of the concept of a moral subject and an act as a way of existence of this subject in being. The regulatory features of M. M. Bakhtin's ethics of responsibility include the prescription of an individual obligation to the subject, based on his specific place in being; the thesis that universal moral values ​​acquire significance only in the context of an individual act and the subject's involvement in them; affirmation of love and fidelity as the most important ways of human relationship to being.